Compare all 10
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| GraphQL | Request → response | Optional (subscriptions) | Low | HTTP | Medium | Rich clients, many related resources |
| gRPC | Bi-directional streaming | Yes | Very low | HTTP/2 | Medium | Service-to-service, microservices |
| Long Polling | Request → delayed response | Near real-time | Medium | HTTP | Low | Push fallback for old clients |
| MQTT | Publish / subscribe | Yes | Low | TCP | Medium | IoT, telemetry, unreliable networks |
| REST | Request → response | No | Low | HTTP/1.1 | Low | CRUD & public web APIs |
| SOAP | Request → response | No | Higher | HTTP / SMTP | High | Enterprise & legacy systems |
| SSE | Server → client | Yes | Low | HTTP | Low | Live feeds, notifications, token streams |
| Webhooks | Server → your URL | Near real-time | Low | HTTP | Low | Reacting to third-party events |
| WebRTC | Peer ↔ peer | Yes | Very low | UDP (SRTP/DTLS) | High | Video/voice calls, P2P data |
| WebSocket | Two-way | Yes | Very low | TCP (ws://) | Medium | Chat, presence, live collaboration |